Progress of Malaysian Women Free Essays

string(139) This examination is planned to catch the accomplishments of ladies in education,health,economy, legislative issues and force sharing, and choice making. The Progress of Malaysian Women Since Independence 1957 †2000 Published by: Ministry of Women and Family Development Level 1-4, Block E Bukit Perdana Government Office Complex Jalan Dato’ Onn 50515 Kuala Lumpur Tel:03-29630095 Fax:03-26938498 E-mail:info@kpwk. gov. my Website:www. We will compose a custom paper test on Progress of Malaysian Women or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now kpwk. gov. my With subsidizing support from: United Nations Development Program (UNDP), Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei Darussalam Published September 2003 ISBN:983-41432-0-6 Printed by: Bar Code Design Network Copyright  © 2003 Ministry of Women and Family Development. Okay Reser ved. Solicitation for consent to reproduce any material ought to be coordinated to the Ministry of Women and Family Development. Substance EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FOREWORD CHAPTER 1 †INTRODUCTION I. Foundation II. Targets OF THE STUDY III. Approach IV. Outline OF THE REPORT V. Sex AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING VI ADMINISTRATIVE MACHINERY FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN VII. Legitimate STATUS OF WOMEN †Women under the Federal Constitution †Employment Legislation and Women †Other Laws Affecting the Status of Women VIII. End CHAPTER 2 †EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF WOMEN I. Presentation II. FORMAL EDUCATION †Enrolment in Primary and Secondary Schools †Female Enrolment in Technical and Vocational Education †Tertiary Education †Education Attainment of Rural Women †International Comparison in Educational Attainment III. NON-FORMAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING IV. FUTURE CHALLENGES V. Suggestions VI. End CHAPTER 3 †WOMEN AND THE ECONOMY I. Presentation II. Patterns IN WOMEN’S ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION †Women in the Labor Force †Employment Status of Women †Employment by Sector †Employment by Occupational Category †Potential Growth Areas: Women in Business and Professional Services Page vii x 14 16 17 18 19 23 26 27 28 30 33 34 37 39 42 43 47 50 51 53 54 55 56 61 64 The Progress of Women Since Independence III. IV. V. †Women Entrepreneurs: From Micro-Enterprises to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) FUTURE CHALLENGES RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSION 5 67 70 72 73 74 76 78 79 80 82 83 84 86 87 89 90 CHAPTER 4 †WOMEN AND HEALTH I. Presentation II. GENERAL HEALTH STATUS †Indicators of Health Status †Maternal Mortality †Nutritional Status of Women †Fertility Trends III. Regenerative HEALTH SERVICES †Family Planning †Antenatal and Postpartum Care †Management of Cervical and Breast Cancers IV. Wellbeing CONCERNS IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM †Health Needs of Older Women †Do mestic Violence †Mental Health †The HIV/AIDS Epidemic V. FUTURE CHALLENGES VI. Suggestions VII. End CHAPTER 5 †WOMEN IN DECISION MAKING AND POWER SHARING 93 I. Presentation 93 II. Patterns IN LEADERSHIP AND POWER SHARING 94 †Political Membership and Leadership 94 †Political Candidacy 96 †Elected Offices and Appointments 97 †Representation in the State Assemblies 99 †Share of Leadership and Decision-Making Positions in the Public Sector 99 †Key Management Positions in the Public Sec tor 99 †Appointments in the Foreign Service 101 †Representation in Local Authorities 101 †The Grassroots Level 103 III. IV. V. †Management Positions in the Private Sector †Non-Government Organizations (NGO), Trade Unions and Cooperatives †Participation in NGOs †Participation in Trade Unions †Representation in Cooperatives FUTURE CHALLENGES RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSION 104 105 106 108 111 112 115 REFERENCES LISTS OF BOXES Box 1. 1. 2 1. 3 2. 1 3. 1 Titles Page Malaysia’s First Lady, Dato’ Seri Dr. Siti Hasmah bt. Mohd. Ali †An Inspiring Role Model for Malaysian Women 12 Definition of Discrimination 30 Selected Relevant Declarations and Action Plans Signed by the Government of Malaysia 31 Scaling Up Micro-Enterprises, Department of Agriculture 46 Datuk Muhaiyani Shamsuddin, Founder and Managing Director of Muhaiyani Securities Sdn Bhd and Deputy Chairperson of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange 66 Dato’ Sharizat Abdul Jalil †An Advocate and Solicitor, an Eminent Corporate Figure and a Cabinet Minister 91 Tan Sri Datuk Nuraizah Abdul Hamid †A Woman of Distinction in the Public Service 113 . 1 5. 2 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. 1 2. 2. 3 Title Page Primary School Enrolment by Sex, Malaysia,1957â€2000 34 Secondary School Enrolment by S ex, Malaysia,1957â€2000 35 Percentage of Males and Females in Primary and Secondary Schools, Malaysia,1957â€2000 36 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 2. 7 2. 8 2. 9 2. 10 2. 11 2. 12 2. 13 3. 1 4. 1 4. 2 4. 3 4. 4. 5 4. 6 5. 1 5. 2 Number of Students Enrolled in Year Six to Form Five by Sex,1991â€1995 Enrolment in Vocational and Technical Schools by Sex, Malaysia,1957â€2000 Proportion of Female: Male Students in Vocational and Technical Schools, Malaysia 1957â€2000 Enrolment in Tertiary Institutions by Sex, Malaysia, 1957â€2000 Proportion of Males and Females in Tertiary Education, Malaysia,1959â€2000 Enrolment in Engineering Course, Malaysia,1991â€1998 Output of Graduates in Engineering, Malaysia,l991â€1998 Educational Attainment of Women by Stratum, Malaysia, 1970,1980 and 1991 Number of Students in Adult Education Classes by Sex, Malaysia,1958â€1967 Literacy Rate by Sex, Malaysia,1970â€2010 Percentage Distribution of Employed Persons by Occupation and Gender, Malaysia,1957â€2000 Maternal Mortality per 1,000 Live Births. 1956â€2000 Life Expectancy at Birth in Malaysia by Sex,1957â€2000 Number of Pap Smears Read by the Ministry of Health, 1982â€1998 Number of Reported Cas es of Domestic Violence, 1984â€1997 Number of Suicide and Self-inflic ted Injury Cases in Malaysia by Sex Number of Women Living with HIV and AIDS,and Deaths in Women from HIV/AIDS Percentage of Women in Elected Offices/Appointed Offices, Malaysia,1959â€2001 Women in Top Management in the Malaysian Foreign Service 1992,1994 and 1999 7 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 63 75 76 81 84 85 86 98 101 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I. Endeavors to manufacture more prominent sexual orientation fairness have brought about Malaysian ladies accomplishing noteworthy advancement in key financial zones since Malaysia picked up autonomy in 1957. In any case, in spite of the advancement made, new worries on the job and status of ladies have developed that could unfavorably influence the investment of ladies in the economy and social circles. Considering this, the Government of Malaysia, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) together embraced an investigation t o archive and assess the advancement of ladies in Malaysia during the period 1957â€2000. This examination is planned to catch the accomplishments of ladies in education,health,economy, governmental issues and force sharing, and dynamic. Optional information from the Department of Statistics studies and regulatory records from government offices and nongovernmental associations are utilized for the investigation. The report for the investigation contains five parts, with sections 2 to 5 surveying the advancement of ladies in explicit key territories while part 1 features the Government’s activities taken to propel ladies being developed. Improvement getting ready for the progression of ladies was presented in the Sixth Malaysia Plan, which has a section on the advancement of ladies. The Sixth Plan and resulting plans contain techniques to join ladies during the time spent advancement in accordance with the goals of the National Vision Policy on Women (NPW). Evenhanded sharing of assets and access to open doors for people structures one of the targets of the NPW. The definition and execution of an activity plan to operationalise the NPW during the Seventh Malaysia Plan brought about the usage of increasingly sound and centered projects to coordinate ladies being developed and hoist their status. Critical advancement has additionally been made in the setting up of the necessary institutional and regulatory apparatus to design, arrange, actualize and screen the improvement of ladies. These incorporate the Ministry of Women and Family Development, the Department ii. iii. vii f Women Affairs (HAWA), the National Advisory Council for the Integration of Women in Development (NACIWID) and the National Council of Women’s Organizations (NCWO). Moreover, the order o f new laws and the consistent audit and alteration of existing enactment have been embraced to save, fortify and ensure the rights and legitimate status of ladies. iv. Malaysian ladies have profited by expanded access to instruction and preparing as showed by the improvement in their proficiency rates and net enrolment at all degrees of training since 1957. The enrolment of female understudies at the essential level expanded by more than three and a half times during the period 1957â€2000. At the auxiliary level, the enrolment of female understudies expanded by in excess of multiple times to arrive at an all out enrolment of 985,692 understudies in 2000. With respect to enrolment in specialized and professional schools the level of male understudies has consistently been higher than female understudies. The enrolment of Malaysian ladies in tertiary foundations mirrored the advancement of tertiary training in Malaysia, which has been slowly growing in all out number and relative terms, particularly after 1970. In 1959, female students contained 10. 7 percent of the all out stu

Attractive nuisance doctrine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Appealing irritation convention - Essay Example The principle can be connected to anything lying on the land, yet for the most part to perilous articles, for example, surrendered vehicles, heaps of timber, sand, trampolines or in any event, pools (Okrent 18). The principle will in general secure little kids who are not developed enough to settle on dependable choices over their own wellbeing. The tenet doesn't carter for grown-ups. In any case, if a grown-up supports wounds while endeavoring to spare a kid who is in an alluring annoyance, at that point the proprietor of the property will likewise be considered liable for the wounds of the grown-up. At the point when residents live in regions where there are youngsters, they are relied upon by the general public to think of dependable methods of securing the children (Okrent 19). A circumstance may emerge when a kid trespasses to somebody else’s property, and amidst having a fabulous time, for instance, swimming, the kid suffocates. The mishap occurred without the property’s proprietor staying alert (Okrent 24). In this manner, it would be uncalled for the proprietor to be accused of abusing appealing aggravation. On the off chance that the land owner knows about the nearness of youngsters on their of the property, and a hazard happens connecting it to any object that may hurt them, at that point the proprietor is liable for abusing appealing annoyance (Okrent 20). In this article, plainly the law of appealing disturbance is in reality reasonable. In the event that an individual has something on their property that would raise the interest of little children, for instance, a pool or a harmed vehicle, the individual needs to check whether they are adequately and securely shielded. The individual ought to receive strategies like setting up a made sure about hindrance or free from any danger covering over the element (Okrent 30). Landowners are required to know about all the potential threats presented by their property like tractors or an open product house. This will enable them to comprehend what to keep

EMBA Admissions Consultants

Top 14 Services of Value Offered by MBA/EMBA Admissions Consultants In my previous blog entry, I pointed out several things that MBA Admissions Consulting isnt. Today I will describe what MBA Admissions Consulting does provide. The 14 most important services of value your MBA Admissions Consultant offers: 1. A partner throughout the entire application process. Many applicants need someone who knows MBA Admissions well to guide them through the application process from beginning to end. Having this type of partner greatly reduces the stress of the entire process, and that’s a role Admissions Consultants fill. A good MBA Admissions Consultant will first review your background and reasons for wanting to get an MBA, and comment on any specific items that might need strengthening starting with your logic for wanting an MBA! You will have questions that you want answered throughout the entire process, and your consultant will be a quick and easy source for answers. 2. A source of encouragement MBA applicants are usually very busy with their personal and professional lives and the application process can feel like a drag. However, schools expect all applicants to meet their deadlines and give their applications their all. Therefore, it’s often necessary for an Admissions Consultant to periodically encourage, cajole, and remind applicants of all they need to do to submit a competitive application. 3. School selection help In many cases, applicants’ target schools don’t match their backgrounds, goals, and scores. An Admissions Consultant can suggesting a strategy for selecting schools and research additional schools that might match well with your background and goals. 4. Dealing with problematic GPA and/or GMAT scores If an applicants numbers are not in range for the persons target schools, an Admissions Consultant can suggest several effective strategies to deal with that issue. 5. Resume feedback An Admissions Consultant will assess whether an applicants resume comes across properly or seems more like the resume of a college student or job hunter. In addition to making many specific suggestions, your consultant may refer you to a resume specialist such as one of the Certified Resume Writers on The Essay Experts team. 6. Guidance for choosing/working with recommenders An Admissions Consultant can review an applicant’s choice of recommenders if thats a concern, and provide extensive recommendation dos and don’ts. 7. Research Suggestions An Admissions Consultant will suggest research that applicants must do to truly understand their fit with specific schools, given their career and other goals. 8. Career goals insight Although Admissions Consultants are not Career Counselors, many have significant exposure to a wide range of fields. As a result, they are often quite expert at evaluating applicants’ stated career goals, and can help advise them regarding ways to research the most appropriate and logical career path a key element looked at by business schools. 9. Essay Strategy and Guidance Admissions consultants spend most of their time giving applicants feedback regarding their essays. An ethical consultant will never write the essays, as this practice can lead to an automatic rejection by the admissions committee. One the applicant writes a first draft of a schools essay set, the consultant will review and help the applicant with essay strategies. The applicant and consultant will then work together in an iterative process to make the essay set as effective as possible. The Admissions Consultant reviews each draft, sends it to the client with feedback, and continues this process until both the consultant and the client agree the set is complete and optimized. 10. Answering questions on the actual application form A few applicants have basic questions related to how to answer a question on the actual application form, and ask the Admissions Consultant to do a quick review. 11. Questions about timeline After submitting a group of applications, many applicant are likely to get nervous if the school hasn’t replied within an expected time frame. The consultant can provide reassurance that quite a few applicants are invited to interview right up to the last minute. 12. Interviewing A consultant can answer questions about whether to interview on campus or with an alumnus; provide interview tips to help with interview preparation and the interview itself; share feedback from other applicants who have interviewed at a school; and conduct mock interviews if needed. 13. Strategies for getting accepted from waitlists If you are put on a waitlist by one or more schools, the Admissions Consultant consultant can give your suggestions as to how to encourage the school to move you off the list and into the Accepted column. 14. Customization A good MBA admissions consultant will customize the consulting s/he provides to meet each clients needs. What are yours? Please share your questions/comments below. And stay tuned for my next article on the item of greatest concern to most: Essay Strategy. Need guidance in your MBA/EMBA Application process? Maximize your applications with help from The Essay Experts MBA Admissions Consulting Services. Or feel free to email me directly at larryessayexpert@gmail.com. Larry Sochrin

Hiragana Lessons - Stroke Guide to な、に、ぬ、ね、の

Character Is Destiny - 2530 Words

â€Å"Character is Destiny† is a phrase associated with Heraclitus, a Greek philosopher of the 6th century BC who is recognized as one of the most significant philosophers before Socrates and Plato. Unfortunately, very little is known about his life other than what can be gathered from his own statements. Heraclitus lived in Ephesus, an important city on the Ionian coast of Asia Minor, not far from Miletus, the birthplace of philosophy. Ancient biographies of him consist of nothing more than inferences or imaginary constructions based on his sayings (Graham). However, the renowned philosopher Frederick Nietzsche, who drew upon the work of Heraclitus for inspiration, claims that Heraclitus believed â€Å"that a persons character is innate and†¦show more content†¦Though Apollo spurned him and sent him away, first he revealed to Oedipus that â€Å"You are fated to couple with your mother, you will bring a breed of children into the light no man can bear to see  œ you will kill your father, the one who gave you life!† (Sophocles 638). Like Larius, Oedipus did everything he could to prevent his terrible fate. Upon hearing this prophecy, Oedipus fled from the city of Corinth and vowed never to return as long as Polybus and Merope, who he believed to be his parents, were still alive. As Oedipus is leaving the city he encounters a horse drawn chariot that forces him off the road. As the chariot goes by, Oedipus hits the driver in anger and the man swings back. Oedipus hits him with a blow that knocks him out of the chariot, and the man falls dead to the ground (Sophocles 638-639). Unbeknown to Oedipus, the man he killed was his real father. After this, Oedipus continues his travels, coming to the city of Thebes. Here people are facing great misfortune. King Laius had been killed, the city is suffering from a plague, and they are at the mercy of The Sphinx, who was causing destruction because no one was able to solve her riddle. Oedipus so lves the riddle and puts an end to the monster’s reign. In their joy the people of Thebes name Oedipus their king and presentShow MoreRelatedCharacter Is Destiny Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesCharacter is destiny. Heraclitus, Greek philosopher (c. 540-c. 475 B.C.) This famous quote has birthed many ideas and philosophies about life and our final destination. Similarly, in Thomas Hardys The Mayor of Casterbridge, issues about life, character, fate and destiny are explored. Ironically, the quote about character being our destiny is being challenged and questioned over and over again in the context of this tragic novel. Indeed, Henchard is a victim of his own delusions. He has falselyRead MoreThe Sword Of Destiny Character Analysis1585 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Sword of Destiny† by Andrej Sapkowski is a fantasy book about a monster hunter a.k.a. â€Å"Witcher†, which pursuits the love of his life, a sorceress. Seen as a monster and an abomination of nature, Geralt, â€Å"the Witcher†, deals in the same time with his destiny confrontation, and with racism. Even if the book uses a fantasy setting the theme of racism deals with real life problems, like the perception of the mases on minorities. On the other hand, â€Å"To Kill a Mocking Bird† by Harper Lee takes a moreRead More The Strong Character and Unavoidable Destiny of Oedipus Rex Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesThe Strong Character and Unavoidable Destiny of Oedipus Rex    Oedipus the King, by Sophocles is about Oedipus, a man doomed by his fate. Like most tragedies, Oedipus the King contains a tragic hero, a heroic figure unable to escape his own doom. This tragic hero usually has a hamartia, a tragic flaw, which causes his downfall. The tragic flaw that Sophocles gives Oedipus is hubris (exaggerated pride or self-confidence), which is what caused Oedipus to walk right into the fate he sought toRead MoreEssay about Characters vs. Destiny in As You Like It1956 Words   |  8 Pagesagain, and is still being argued over time and time again. Whether the author knew it or not, Shakespeare explored this question in his play As You Like It through the characters of the play. Characters who, like so many of his others, display typical human natures. Shakepeare seems to have captured a spirit in all of his characters that is so true to life that almost anyone can relate in some way or another. Shakespeare is a writer who seems to so easily capture the true nature of people. OfRead MoreThe Taken King, And Rise Of Destiny : The Development Of The Game1116 Words   |  5 PagesThe Destiny 2 beta begins in 7 days. It starts July 18, 2017 on a Tuesday. Its 184 hours away, or 11,040 minutes, or 662,400 seconds away. I am hyped for this if you cannot tell. The reason for this restlessness is because on July 17th, 2014, when the first Destiny beta released I was reassured that it would become maybe my favorite fps of all time. With the release of the full game in September 7, 2014 it became a top 3 Fps for me to play. But, I always felt like there could be more. I always feltRead MoreForrest Gump Analysis Essay1125 Words   |  5 PagesGump, the concept of destiny is viewed by the characters in various different ways. Lieutenant Dan believes in predetermined destiny, Jenny spends her entire life trying to take control of her destiny, and Forrest simply takes life one step at a time, believing that destiny is about the journey. Although each character is faced with poor circumstances, Forrest’s view about destiny leads him through the best life compared to the others. Early in the film, Jenny Curran’s character experiences horrifyingRead More Human Destiny and Chance in Thomas Hardys The Mayor of Casterbridge1228 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Destiny and Chance in Thomas Hardys The Mayor of Casterbridge Present readers might perceive that Thomas Hardys viewpoint in the novel The Mayor of Casterbridge is severe and depressing. However, most people adored Hardy during his living years. In an era when the Industrial Revolution was bringing dramatic and sometimes disturbing changes to England, he celebrated the nations roots in its rustic past. In an era when new ideas like Darwins theory of evolution challenged long establishedRead MoreRun Lola Run and Related Texts.1339 Words   |  6 Pagesdistinctive experiences, Evaluating the idea that visual images give us distinct experiences and how certain experiences can change our destiny. I will discuss this question using my chosen theme that is destiny, In Tom Tyker’s Run Lola Run and my related text Charlie Kaulfmans and Michael Gondrys Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind. Tom Tyker uses the theme of destiny to show how interaction between individuals can create a distinctive experience. Read MoreFate And Fate1431 Words   |  6 Pagesof the central characters are compelled to challenge. In Homer s Iliad, fate constantly appears to be hiding around the bend, sitting tight for its next prey to meet his or her predetermined course, which is at last demise. Indeed, still the divine beings are unfit to halt or mediate over the span of fate. However, in spite of the calamity and anguish that fate serves, it also appears that free will in the Iliad is not obsolete. Choices are carried out, when confronted with destiny, and despite theRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Antigone By Sophocles1182 Words   |  5 Pagestragedies. As for the characters in Antigone, their fates end up being unavoidable, whether it is due to the reason that they refused to accept it until it was very late, or they accepted the fate and permitte d it to come to pass. The character’s lives possess set conclusions, and there exits some clues on what these conclusions shall be, and when they shall happen. The characters are frequently capable of knowing their fate and reacting to it. At certain periods, characters accept their fate since

Halloween †creative writing Free Essays

Once there was a boy he was 6 years old, and his name was Michael Myers, his sister was only 15 when on one Halloween Michaels mum and dad went to a parents evening. So his sister was looking after him for the night his sister Samantha decided to invite her boyfriend round Michael had always thought that no one loved him. So he decided that tonight was the night to get revenge his sister was in her bedroom getting ready. We will write a custom essay sample on Halloween – creative writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now So Michael went down stairs into the kitchen and got a very large bread knife he went upstairs his sister Samantha was brushing her long brown hair when suddenly she felt a sharp pain in the left hand side of her back. She turned to see that her brother had a Halloween mask on and he had his sister’s blood all over the knife and his Halloween suit. When his Mom and Dad arrived Michael went to the door and his mom said to him â€Å"Why is there blood all over your costume†? But he didn’t say why! So his mom and dad went upstairs to see where his sister was they both went into her room and saw her dead on the bed!! â€Å"Oh my god†Micheals mother yelled, Michael’s dad Gavin said â€Å"What happened Michael† he never answered them, His mom went to call the police and an ambulance, she slowly picked up the phone her hand was shaking as she dialled 911, she felt sick, Gavin had hold of Michael â€Å"What happened son, did someone come in and kill Sammy† he yelled, then suddenly Michael said â€Å"No dad it was me, I killed Samantha† His dad stood there in shock! Jill† he shouted â€Å"Jill Michael killed Samantha† he muttered, â€Å"is this true Michael† she said softly â€Å"yes mom its true I killed Samantha† he yelled, just as he said it the police and ambulance arrived † A murder has been committed mam? The police officer said, â€Å"erm yes my daughter she has been murdered† Jill said sadly â€Å"Im officer Brown could you tell me what exactly happened† Officer brown said â€Å"Well Samantha was babysitting Michael whilst me and Gavin where at Michaels parents evening, and when we came back Michael was outside covered in blood with a bread knife, and next minute I went to see Samantha and she was dead† She sobbed , the officer was writing everything down , he looked at Michael . Has your son ever done this before† officer brown said, â€Å"Of course not my son isn’t a murderer† she yelled â€Å"Well Michael is going have to go to a murderer unit† he said â€Å"You mean he is going to have treatment and will not be allowed out for some time† she questioned, â€Å"Yes mam that is right† officer brown said Gavin came up to officer brown and told him everything what will happen to Michael,†but why Michael why did you k ill her† Jill yelled, he didn’t say anything he just stared at his mom . The officer took out his phone â€Å"what is going to happen now† Gavin asked â€Å"Well sir Michael is going to be Mental hospital , we have got to get at the bottom of this† officer brown said, â€Å"well when we he come out† Gavin said â€Å"Im just going to ring the mental hospital to get Dr Campbell here to discuss the matter further† he said! Officer brown dialled Dr Campbell, â€Å"Could you come to 7865 Tulip block† Officer brown put the phone down † He will be here in 5minuites† he said, Michael, Jill and Gavin sat on the kerb questioning Michael. Shortly after Dr Campbell arrived â€Å"ok who is the victim and who has the murderer† he softly said â€Å"Well sir Samantha Myers is dead, and this young man Michael Myers killed her† Officer brown said How to cite Halloween – creative writing, Papers

The Causes and Impacts of Social Desirability Bias

Psychology researchers frequently encounter data management problems due to social desirability bias. Social desirability bias is the methodical mistake that is caused by the intention of participants in a study to respond to interview questions in a manner they believe protect their social interest.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Causes and Impacts of Social Desirability Bias specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main concept in the theory is that the respondent is not meaning to be unhelpful or dishonest, but is troubled to disclose thoughts that the community may criticize them for. The theory might affect the results of study on how much time the diverse group of part-time postgraduate master students gives to charity (Fisher 1993). The university researchers should consider that the bias is usually common with personal questions that pertain to highly sensitive life matters. Matters such as race and sexu ality behavior are examples of issues that are frequently regarded as sensitive. The level of sensitivity differs from one individual to another depending on the background of the individual and their culture (Yang 2003). The researchers should therefore determine the aspects that the group considers sensitive. Moreover, since the members of the group come from diverse backgrounds, they should try find out the opinions of each of them on the subject. To lessen the impact of the bias in the study, the researchers should apply the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale (Fisher 1993).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The scale incorporates a chain of questions intended to forecast the probability of members of the group responding in a social desirability mode, instead of responding in a truthful and objective manner. The questions incorporated in the scale are about personal traits an d emotional positioning. The team can use the scale to identify students who fail provide any negative answers concerning them. They can then create two groups, strictly for the purpose of the study. Respondents who cannot reveal at least some insignificant negative information about them should be grouped together and deemed as unsuitable respondents. On the other hand, those who disclose some information regarding their private lives should be grouped as valid participants. Ultimately, the researchers might reduce the margin of error outstandingly by using the scale to select the appropriate respondents. A part from the scale, the researchers should consider that their clients study on part-time basis and have other duties to take care of. They should devise interview programs that do not conflict with the students’ programs. This might reduce the impact of social desirability bias on their report by increasing the opportunity for the students to prepare psychologically. Th e students are social beings and require adequate levels of privacy. Despite using Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale and making appropriate arrangements, therefore, the researchers need to take further action to address privacy concerns.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Causes and Impacts of Social Desirability Bias specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The researchers should adopt the use of in-direct questions during interviews. Indirect questioning can be used as a forecasting methodology that asks participants to respond to well thought-out questions from the point of view of another person or group. The indirect question invites participants to formulate forecasts about how a comparable other would treat the same issues. The system minimizes the opportunities for misrepresentation of â€Å"private† opinions. Indirect questioning is based on the hypothesis that participants usually develop their unconscious believes into indistinct responses situations and disclose their real thoughts regarding socially sensitive issues. This happens becomes the system makes respondents feel that they are giving information based on facts behind the â€Å"pretence of imposture† (Yang 2003). Therefore, they can use indirect questioning during the selection of respondents and the actual study period. However, the researchers should be careful while using the indirect question since studies indicates that it may not eliminate all negative impacts of social desirability bias (Fisher 1993). Fisher stipulates that the scope at which predictions about others denote information regarding self is not explicit. The researcher says that as the level of similarity between the respondent and the distinctive other declines, the intensity of inappropriate information increases in the replies of the respondent. A non-alcoholic respondent, for example, may not be successful at projecting him/herself into an indirect reaction position in which the other individual is, as an intensive abuser of alcohol.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, other findings also put forward that predictions about others cannot be accurate (Bogdan 2000). Bogdan found that predictions could not reflect accurately the feelings and thoughts that a respondent would have given out had he/she been questioned directly. Therefore, self-reported attitudes may not represent the prediction about the attitudes of the majority. Fisher (1993) also compared results generated through direct interviews against indirect interviews and concluded that social influence is pervasive in human behaviors. Concussively, the university researchers should use scientific research tools such as the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale to identify the right sample size. They should also use indirect questioning since some of the respondents may be uncharitable and, therefore, intend to misrepresent certain information. The experts should also use the research techniques innovatively to overcome the few previewed weaknesses. Notably, they stand a high chance of producing relatively accurate data if they adopt and implement the techniques effectively. Reference List Bogdan, R 2000, Minding minds: evolving a reflexive mind by interpreting others, Mass.: MIT Press, Cambridge. Fisher, R 1993, ‘Social desirability bias and the validity of indirect questioning’, The Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 20 no.2 pp.303-315. Yang, G 2003, Progress in asian social psychology conceptual and empirical contributions, Conn.: Praeger, Westport. This essay on The Causes and Impacts of Social Desirability Bias was written and submitted by user Damari Herman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.